Prior Wibert’s Waterworks

One subject that always seems to raise a lot of interest on the courses I run about the history of gardens is the mediaeval garden.  Although most of us will have a vague picture of what we think they were like, the quest for the reality of mediaeval gardens and green open spaces is tantalising.

When I ask  what might be the best source for finding out about them  given that unsurprisingly, there are no actual mediaeval gardens left,  most people say illuminated manuscripts.  Unfortunately these really only begin to show details of daily life such as gardens from the late 14thc onwards. Next on the suggestion list is archaeology which is increasingly sophisticated and these days  can indeed reveal all sorts of things that would never be recorded by documentary sources. Analysis of the contents of rubbish pits and sewers, pollen and soil samples add a huge amount of detail to the physical remains of buildings and hard landscaping.  Other options offered are literature, poetry,  account books and even evidence from the countryside where many mediaeval practices were perpetuated long after the end of the Middle Ages, and can still be identified.

The one thing nobody has ever replied is a drainage plan. Yet today’s post is about just that.

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Percy Cane

Last week’s introductory post about Percy Cane –  An Unsung Hero?  – looked at his work pre-war, while today’s is going to discuss some of his later commissions. Like much of the architecture and most of the  designed landscapes and  gardens of the second half of the 20thc these have not always been well recorded.  I’m pleased to say that  attitudes are beginning to change in part at least thanks to an initiative by the Gardens Trust and supported by Historic England: Compiling the Record.  Although many of Cane’s designs  (including the three covered in today’s post) are   obviously appreciated and well-cared for, others are not, and have suffered from ignorance and neglect and his involvement in their design is often not even mentioned in associated websites.

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An unsung hero?

Welcome to our 300th post!

Hands up if you recognize the man in the photo. As  a clue he  wrote: “Designing gardens is an art… As in all the arts there are periods of growth and changing fashion, but the principles remain constant. To make  a beautiful garden the garden-maker must not only know what he is going to do, but also why he is doing it.”

So congratulate yourself if you do know but, if like most people outside the very small world of garden design and garden history you don’t, read on and maybe you can see why Anna Pavord called him   “the Thirties’ answer to Edwin Lutyens,”  although “he  has yet to find a champion to set him up in the garden designer’s pantheon where he belongs.”

 

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Sneferu… and his garden

Limestone figure of Sneferu,   from Egyptian Museum, Cairo

No… it’s not an old English dialect swear word, or a disease of sheep or anything remotely similar, instead Sneferu was an early Egyptian pharaoh who ruled around 4500 years ago. Like Ozymandias he would have been long forgotten but for the fact that he left behind an extraordinary funeral monument or two.

When we think of the pyramids I’m sure everyone thinks of the famous ones at Giza  which were  built by Sneferu’s sons and grandsons. In fact they were based on a new architectural form which Sneferu had pioneered and almost perfected.

But this a blog about the history of gardens and designed landscapes so why am I waffling is on about the evolution of  pyramids in Egypt?  It’s because archeology has now shown that Sneferu’s pyramids were not designed in isolation and in fact  sat in the middle of a complex of buildings and gardens  which is [I think] the earliest known example of large-scale landscape design.

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Winifred Walker: “The most famous of all flower painters”

Trusses of hybrids: R. ‘Hugh Wormold’ at top, ‘Mrs Lindsay Smith’ at right and ‘Rosamund Millais’ at left. from JG Millais ‘s Rhododendrons(1924).

If I ask you to name the most famous of all flowers painters I very much doubt you’d reply Winifred Walker,  yet that’s how she was described by a national newspaper a century ago in 1919. The description might be a bit of an exaggeration but there’s no doubt she was certainly  a more than accomplished painter who illustrated seed and nursery catalogues and gardening books as well as being an “official” artist for the Royal Horticultural Society.

Bodgers’ Zinnias by Winifred Walker, from  American Bulb Company catalogue, 1930

Yet her story confirms one of the things I learned quite early on writing this blog, and indeed doing garden history research more generally, that it’s often more difficult to track down information about the comparatively recent past than it is about the 18th or 19th centuries. It also shows how difficult it can be to trace the lives of many of the botanical artists who figure in the story, even if they are significant, and it’s usually doubly difficult if they are women.

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